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The nervous system is an animal's messenger system, allowing communication between the senses, the decision-making centre (i.e., the brain), and the organs that carry out actions, such as the muscles. However, when a dog's or a cat's nervous system goes wrong, it can have calamitous consequences.

Messages

The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Messages travel from the sense organs, such as touch receptors in the skin or stretch receptors in the joints, along sensory nerve fibres. Most of these messages travel to the spinal cord first, although some messages, such as taste, smell, sight and hearing, travel directly to the brain. Messages travel up from the spinal cord to the brain, where a decision is made on how or whether to respond to the message. If a response is required, a message is sent back down the spinal cord, then down a motor nerve fibre.

The motor nerve fibres have a connection to the muscles called the neuromuscular junction. A message from the motor nerve fibre causes a release of a chemical called acetyl choline into the neuromuscular junction, which is picked up by receptors on the muscle and stimulates the muscle to contract. Some messages do not need to travel to the brain at all to be acted on. For example, a stretch of the patellar tendon sends a message to the spinal cord, which responds by telling the quadriceps muscle to contract, extending the leg. This is called a reflex, and the brain is not involved in the decision-making process here, although it is informed that it has happened!

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